Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-21273

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
27 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0223 84.9th percentile
Risk Priority 19 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21273 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 15.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

The vulnerability CVE-2025-21273 is a remote code execution flaw in the Windows Telephony Service, carrying a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 and classified under CWE-122. It affects the Telephony service component on Windows systems and was publicly disclosed on 14 January 2025.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the issue over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges, provided the victim performs a required user interaction. Successful exploitation grants full read, write, and execute capabilities on the target system, resulting in complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The Microsoft Security Response Center advisory linked at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21273 supplies official patch information and mitigation guidance. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0223 with no material increase since disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
Why these techniques?

RCE vulnerability with network attack vector enables remote exploitation of the Telephony Service (T1190) and client-side execution via user interaction trigger (T1203).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21339Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21407Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21368Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21371Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21233Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21240Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21303Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21409Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21266Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-59295Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly remediates the specific RCE flaw in Windows Telephony Service through timely application of vendor patches and updates.

prevent

Provides memory protections such as ASLR and stack canaries that mitigate exploitation of the stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) leading to RCE.

prevent

Enforces input validation to restrict malformed or oversized inputs to the Windows Telephony Service, reducing the risk of buffer overflow exploitation.

References