Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-2656

HighPublic PoC

Published: 23 March 2025

Published
23 March 2025
Modified
13 May 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0007 21.9th percentile
Risk Priority 15 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-2656 is a high-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Phpgurukul Zoo Management System. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 21.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly prevents SQL injection by validating and sanitizing the Username input in /admin/login.php against malicious payloads.

prevent

Requires timely identification, reporting, and correction of the SQL injection flaw in Zoo Management System 2.1 via patching or upgrades.

preventdetect

Vulnerability scanning detects SQL injection issues like CVE-2025-2656 in web applications such as the Zoo Management System login function.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1213.006 Databases Collection
Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information.
Why these techniques?

SQL injection in unauthenticated /admin/login.php enables remote exploitation of a public-facing web application (T1190) and arbitrary database queries for data collection (T1213.006).

NVD Description

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in PHPGurukul Zoo Management System 2.1. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/login.php. The manipulation of the argument Username leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack…

more

remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-2656 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-74, CWE-89) in PHPGurukul Zoo Management System version 2.1. The flaw resides in an unknown function of the file /admin/login.php, where manipulation of the Username argument triggers the injection.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. Exploitation enables limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as reflected in its CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Advisories from VulDB (ctiid.300672, id.300672) and a GitHub issue document the vulnerability, noting that an exploit has been publicly disclosed. The vendor's site at phpgurukul.com is referenced, though specific mitigation or patch details are not outlined in the available sources.

The exploit's public disclosure increases the risk of widespread abuse against exposed instances of the affected software.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

phpgurukul
zoo management system
2.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-7163Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-7162Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-7160Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-7159Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-7158Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-7161Same product: Phpgurukul Zoo Management System
CVE-2025-2381Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2658Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2627Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-1857Same vendor: Phpgurukul

References