Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-21413

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
16 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0813 92.4th percentile
Risk Priority 22 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21413 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 7.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

Windows Telephony Service contains a remote code execution vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-21413. The flaw affects the Telephony service component in Windows and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and required user interaction. The weakness is categorized under CWE-122.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue by convincing a user to interact with specially crafted content, resulting in arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the Telephony service. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the ability to execute code, access sensitive information, and perform other actions on the affected system.

The single reference points to the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory for CVE-2025-21413, which is the authoritative source for patch availability and mitigation guidance. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0813 with no material increase observed after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
Why these techniques?

RCE vulnerability with network vector and required user interaction directly enables T1203 (Exploitation for Client Execution); arbitrary code execution facilitates T1059.003 (Windows Command Shell).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21339Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21407Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21371Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21233Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21240Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21303Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21409Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21266Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-59295Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21273Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751 · ≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Timely flaw remediation through vendor patching directly eliminates the heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Windows Telephony Service.

prevent

Memory protection mechanisms like DEP and ASLR prevent arbitrary code execution from the heap buffer overflow exploitation in Windows Telephony Service.

prevent

Information input validation ensures telephony service inputs do not exceed buffer capacities, directly countering the CWE-122 heap overflow.

References