Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-2378

MediumPublic PoC

Published: 17 March 2025

Published
17 March 2025
Modified
02 April 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 6.9 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0006 19.5th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-2378 is a medium-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Phpgurukul Medical Card System. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 19.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-2378 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in PHPGurukul Medical Card Generation System 1.0, affecting an unknown part of the file /download-medical-cards.php through manipulation of the searchdata argument. Published on 2025-03-17T13:15:39.513, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) and maps to CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-89 (SQL Injection).

The vulnerability enables remote exploitation without authentication or user interaction, requiring low attack complexity. Attackers can manipulate the searchdata parameter to inject SQL payloads, potentially achieving low-level impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as unauthorized data access, modification, or denial of service.

Advisories referenced in VulDB entries (ctiid.299877, id.299877, submit.515822) and a GitHub issue detail the vulnerability, while the vendor site phpgurukul.com provides context on the affected software.

The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be used by attackers.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was found in PHPGurukul Medical Card Generation System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /download-medical-cards.php. The manipulation of the argument searchdata leads to sql injection. It is possible to…

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initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1213.006 Databases Collection
Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information.
Why these techniques?

The unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the public-facing /download-medical-cards.php endpoint enables remote exploitation for initial access (T1190). It also facilitates unauthorized database enumeration and data extraction as demonstrated in the POC with sqlmap (--dbs, UNION SELECT) (T1213.006).

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-3006Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2656Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2627Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-1857Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2681Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2026-2179Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2658Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-1582Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2381Same vendor: Phpgurukul
CVE-2025-2373Same vendor: Phpgurukul

Affected Assets

phpgurukul
medical card system
1.0

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly mitigates SQL injection by requiring validation and sanitization of the searchdata input parameter before use in database queries.

prevent

Requires identification, reporting, and correction of the specific SQL injection flaw in /download-medical-cards.php to eliminate the vulnerability.

preventdetect

Boundary protection at web interfaces can deploy WAFs to inspect and block malicious SQL payloads targeting the searchdata parameter.

References