Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-10324

Command Injection in Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2 Firmware m78w2_v221110

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
12 September 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 5.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.081 94th percentile
Risk Priority 47 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2025-10324 is a medium-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 5.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A command injection vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-10324 affects the Wavlink WL-WN578W2 router running firmware 221110. The flaw exists in the sub_401C5C function of firewall.cgi, where unsanitized values supplied to the pingFrmWANFilterEnabled, blockSynFloodEnabled, blockPortScanEnabled, and remoteManagementEnabled parameters are passed to system commands.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the issue remotely by submitting crafted HTTP requests to the web interface, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the device. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 5.5 and is accompanied by public proof-of-concept material that demonstrates the injection.

The vendor was notified prior to disclosure but has not responded or released mitigations. Public references consist of technical write-ups and vulnerability database entries that reproduce the flaw; no official patches or workarounds are documented. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0103 with no material rise since publication.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110. This affects the function sub_401C5C of the file firewall.cgi. This manipulation of the argument pingFrmWANFilterEnabled/blockSynFloodEnabled/blockPortScanEnabled/remoteManagementEnabled causes command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed…

more

and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1674 Input Injection Execution
Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed,…
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-4543Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2
CVE-2025-10323Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2
CVE-2025-10325Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2
CVE-2025-10358Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2
CVE-2025-10359Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn578W2
CVE-2026-2530Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-3612Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10959Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10963Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10962Same vendor: Wavlink

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn578w2 firmware
m78w2_v221110

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

SI-10 directly requires validation of information inputs to reject malformed or special-element content before it reaches downstream parsers.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and output encoding that prevent injection flaws.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging supports detection of injection attempts but does not prevent the weakness.

A.8.16 Monitoring activities partial match
finds

Monitoring activities can identify active injection attacks after they occur.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent injection flaws.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection attacks in software design.

References