CVE-2025-28403
Published: 07 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28403 is a high-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Ruoyi Ruoyi. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 20.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-28403 is an improper access control vulnerability in RUoYi version 4.8.0. The editSave method fails to check whether the requesting user holds administrative privileges before permitting changes to system configuration settings, enabling unauthorized modifications under CWE-284.
A remote attacker who already possesses high privileges can exploit the flaw over the network to escalate rights and alter configuration values, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability as reflected in the CVSS 7.2 score.
The EPSS score remains low, with a current value of 0.0128 and a peak of 0.0193. Public references point to the RuoYi repository and a case study detailing the issue, but contain no advisory or patch guidance.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-10353
Vulnerability details
An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the editSave method does not properly validate whether the requesting user has administrative privileges before allowing modifications to system configuration settings
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The vulnerability enables privilege escalation for a remote attacker by allowing unauthorized modifications to system configuration settings via the editSave method without proper administrative privilege validation, directly facilitating Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068).
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
The access control policy and procedures directly mandate and enforce proper access control mechanisms across the organization.
Device lock enforces restricted access until re-authentication, directly reducing unauthorized use of active sessions.
Supervision and review of access control activities directly detects and remediates improper access configurations or usages.
Explicitly identifying and documenting actions permitted without identification or authentication enforces proper access control boundaries by defining justified exceptions.
By automatically labeling outputs with security attributes, the control supports attribute-based enforcement and reduces exploitability of improper access control weaknesses.
Associating and retaining security attributes with data directly supports enforcement of access control decisions across storage, processing, and transmission.
Requiring prior authorization for each remote access type prevents improper access control over remote connections.
Requiring authorization of wireless access before allowing connections enforces proper access control for this access method.