CVE-2025-28408
Published: 07 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28408 is a critical-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Ruoyi Ruoyi. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 17.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-28408 is an improper access control vulnerability in RuoYi version 4.8.0. The flaw resides in the selectDeptTree method exposed at the /selectDeptTree/{deptId} endpoint, which fails to validate the deptId parameter and is assigned CWE-284. The issue carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8.
A remote, unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted deptId value to the endpoint and thereby escalate privileges, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected system.
Public references consist of a GitHub repository containing case details and the upstream RuoYi project page; neither source describes an official patch or mitigation steps at the time of publication. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a recorded peak of 0.0250.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-10357
Vulnerability details
An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the selectDeptTree method of the /selectDeptTree/{deptId} endpoint does not properly validate the deptId parameter
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The CVE enables remote privilege escalation via improper validation of the deptId parameter in the /selectDeptTree endpoint of RUoYi v4.8.0, directly mapping to Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068).
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
The access control policy and procedures directly mandate and enforce proper access control mechanisms across the organization.
Device lock enforces restricted access until re-authentication, directly reducing unauthorized use of active sessions.
Supervision and review of access control activities directly detects and remediates improper access configurations or usages.
Explicitly identifying and documenting actions permitted without identification or authentication enforces proper access control boundaries by defining justified exceptions.
By automatically labeling outputs with security attributes, the control supports attribute-based enforcement and reduces exploitability of improper access control weaknesses.
Associating and retaining security attributes with data directly supports enforcement of access control decisions across storage, processing, and transmission.
Requiring prior authorization for each remote access type prevents improper access control over remote connections.
Requiring authorization of wireless access before allowing connections enforces proper access control for this access method.