CVE-2025-28405
Published: 07 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28405 is a critical-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Ruoyi Ruoyi. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 17.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-28405 is an improper access control vulnerability (CWE-284) in RuoYi version 4.8.0. The flaw resides in the changeStatus method and permits unauthorized modification of user or role status values, resulting in a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8.
A remote attacker with no credentials or user interaction can send crafted requests over the network to invoke the affected method, achieving full privilege escalation with impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Public references point to a proof-of-concept repository and the upstream RuoYi project but contain no vendor advisory, patch details, or mitigation guidance. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a modest peak of 0.0250, indicating limited observed exploitation interest to date.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-10354
Vulnerability details
An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the changeStatus method
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The CVE describes a remote privilege escalation vulnerability via the changeStatus method in RUoYi v4.8.0, directly enabling exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068).
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
The access control policy and procedures directly mandate and enforce proper access control mechanisms across the organization.
Device lock enforces restricted access until re-authentication, directly reducing unauthorized use of active sessions.
Supervision and review of access control activities directly detects and remediates improper access configurations or usages.
Explicitly identifying and documenting actions permitted without identification or authentication enforces proper access control boundaries by defining justified exceptions.
By automatically labeling outputs with security attributes, the control supports attribute-based enforcement and reduces exploitability of improper access control weaknesses.
Associating and retaining security attributes with data directly supports enforcement of access control decisions across storage, processing, and transmission.
Requiring prior authorization for each remote access type prevents improper access control over remote connections.
Requiring authorization of wireless access before allowing connections enforces proper access control for this access method.